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Frontiers in Network Physiology 2023
PubMed: 37900301
DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1284256 -
Circulation Journal : Official Journal... May 2022Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health concern. Several therapeutic strategies for CVDs are available, such as medicine, cardiac assist devices, and heart... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health concern. Several therapeutic strategies for CVDs are available, such as medicine, cardiac assist devices, and heart transplantation. However, they are insufficient for the treatment of severe CVD. To develop novel, innovative treatment approaches for CVDs, it is imperative to understand the underlying pathophysiology and to undertake basic research on this facet. The generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has opened avenues for developing new strategies for disease analysis and drug development. This technology has made it possible to obtain pluripotent stem cells from patients with genetic disorders, model the disease in a dish, and use such cells for future regeneration therapy. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence (AI), which is widely used for big data analysis in basic research, has potential in various applications in medicine. New tools such as iPS cells and AI can provide much needed novel insights into CVDs. This review focuses on the recent progress in cardiovascular research using these new technologies.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Inventions
PubMed: 35185079
DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-21-0978 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Translation Mar 2024
PubMed: 38685968
DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.04.001 -
PloS One 2022This study explores the relationship between the proportion of basic research investment in R&D expenditure and regional economic growth efficiency and its influence...
This study explores the relationship between the proportion of basic research investment in R&D expenditure and regional economic growth efficiency and its influence path. A panel of data from 31 China's provincial was analysed by the fixed-effects model over 2009 to 2019. Empirical results highlight that: (1) the increase in the proportion of basic research investment has a significant promoting effect on regional economic growth efficiency, but it presents an "inverted U-shaped" impact path. Meanwhile, the threshold effect model test results reveal that basic research investment plays a more significant role in promotion when the per capita income level exceeds a certain threshold. (2) The test results of the mediating effect model indicate that the improvement of the level of human capital is the intermediate channel through which the investment in basic research affects regional economic growth efficiency, while the mediating effect of the increase of knowledge storage on the process of the investment in basic research affecting regional economic growth efficiency is not supported by data. Potential policy measures are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Economic Development; Investments; Efficiency; China
PubMed: 36512626
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278943 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Immunity, Innate; Research; Viruses
PubMed: 37621872
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1268363 -
Annals of Translational Medicine Dec 2016Pancreatic cancer is recognized as the king of carcinoma, and the gap between basic research and clinical practice is difficult to improve the treatment effect.... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic cancer is recognized as the king of carcinoma, and the gap between basic research and clinical practice is difficult to improve the treatment effect. Translational medicine builds an important bridge between pancreatic cancer basic research and clinical practice from the pathogenesis, early diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma, drug screening, treatment strategies and metastasis prediction. This article will carry on the concrete elaboration to the above several aspects.
PubMed: 28090514
DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.11.57 -
Swiss Medical Weekly Sep 2009Despite five decades of intensive research, mechanisms initiating and stabilising atrial fibrillation (AF) are still not fully understood. Nevertheless, mapping studies,... (Review)
Review
Despite five decades of intensive research, mechanisms initiating and stabilising atrial fibrillation (AF) are still not fully understood. Nevertheless, mapping studies, next to clinical trials and research on cellular electrophysiology, have provided key information that has led to a much more profound understanding of the arrhythmia. Contact mapping using multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) is the gold standard for high-resolution mapping in basic research and clinical trials, and continuously contributes to a better description of mechanisms perpetuating AF. It thereby provides information needed to target and test new pharmacological and interventional treatment options for AF therapy and to evaluate established ones, which were often implemented based on purely empirical assumptions. In patients undergoing cardiac surgery high- resolution contact mapping studies are performed for basic research purposes to evaluate to which extent data derived from animal models of AF is comparable to data recorded in humans. The goal of these research projects is to develop algorithms that allow the identification and staging of the arrhythmogenic substrate. This information should then help to guide surgical therapy when applicable, or individualise treatment strategy involving catheter ablation, antiarrhythmic drug therapy or simply a rate control strategy. Mapping techniques used in the catheter laboratory by interventional electrophysiologists represent a valuable tool for exact localisation of catheters and the points of interest for ablation. These techniques integrate data on individual anatomy (derived from CT scan or intracardiac ultrasound), local intracardiac electrograms (re-corded point by point with a catheter) and the exact spatial position of the catheter. While mapping techniques used with electrophysiological studies and ablations in patients are highly useful tools to optimise and document ablation results and significantly reduce fluoroscopy time, they fail to display the complexity of atrial activation during AF. This is mainly due to a limited number of simultaneously recorded electrograms and the low spatial resolution which is sufficient for its clinical use. At present, high-resolution mapping of AF in patients is only feasible during cardiac surgery. Endocardial catheter- based systems that have recently become available have to be further evaluated but might provide an option in this setting in the near future.
Topics: Animals; Atrial Fibrillation; Disease Models, Animal; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 19736589
DOI: 10.4414/smw.2009.12586 -
Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy :... Oct 2018
PubMed: 30498406
DOI: 10.1159/000494035 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2017Much of our knowledge of the endocannabinoid system in schizophrenia comes from behavioral measures in rodents, like prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle and... (Review)
Review
Much of our knowledge of the endocannabinoid system in schizophrenia comes from behavioral measures in rodents, like prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle and open-field locomotion, which are commonly used along with neurochemical approaches or drug challenge designs. Such methods continue to map fundamental mechanisms of sensorimotor gating, hyperlocomotion, social interaction, and underlying monoaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic disturbances. These strategies will require, however, a greater use of neurophysiological tools to better inform clinical research. In this sense, electrophysiology and viral vector-based circuit dissection, like optogenetics, can further elucidate how exogenous cannabinoids worsen (e.g., tetrahydrocannabinol, THC) or ameliorate (e.g., cannabidiol, CBD) schizophrenia symptoms, like hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive deficits. Also, recent studies point to a complex endocannabinoid-endovanilloid interplay, including the influence of anandamide (endogenous CB and TRPV agonist) on cognitive variables, such as aversive memory extinction. In fact, growing interest has been devoted to TRPV receptors as promising therapeutic targets. Here, these issues are reviewed with an emphasis on the neurophysiological evidence. First, we contextualize imaging and electrographic findings in humans. Then, we present a comprehensive review on rodent electrophysiology. Finally, we discuss how basic research will benefit from further combining psychopharmacological and neurophysiological tools.
PubMed: 28680405
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00399 -
World Journal of Stem Cells Apr 2015Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been the focal point of ever increasing interest and scrutiny as they hold the promise of personalized regenerative medicine.... (Review)
Review
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been the focal point of ever increasing interest and scrutiny as they hold the promise of personalized regenerative medicine. However, creation of iPSCs is an inefficient process that requires forced expression of potentially oncogenic proteins. In order to unlock the full potential of iPSCs, both for basic and clinical research, we must broaden our search for more reliable ways of inducing pluripotency in somatic cells. This review surveys an area of reprogramming that does not receive as much focus, barriers to reprogramming, in the hope of stimulating new ideas and approaches towards developing safer and more efficient methods of reprogramming. Better methods of iPSC creation will allow for more reliable disease modeling, better basic research into the pluripotent state and safer iPSCs that can be used in a clinical setting.
PubMed: 25914761
DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i3.541